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Cell-to-cell junctions are specialized structures that are found in tissues of multicellular organisms, which allow cells to physically connect with one another and exchange information, molecules, and signals. The three…

Low cell viability can be caused by several factors, including poor cell handling techniques, contamination, poor culture conditions, and suboptimal growth media. Here are some steps you can take to…

CHO cells can be stored for long-term storage at very low temperatures using cryopreservation. Here is a general protocol for CHO cell storage: Grow CHO cells to a density of…

Here is a general protocol for subculturing CHO cells: Assemble all necessary materials and reagents, including culture flasks, sterile pipettes, sterile tips, cell culture media, and trypsin-EDTA solution. Pre-warm the…

Hypoxanthine and thymidine are commonly used supplements in cell culture media, particularly for non-dividing cells or cells that have low rates of proliferation. Hypoxanthine is a purine analog that is…

Supplementation with glycine is a common strategy used to improve protein production in mammalian cell culture, particularly in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Glycine is a non-essential amino acid that…

DHFR-deficient strains are a type of cell line that has been engineered to lack functional dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme. DHFR is a critical enzyme in the folate metabolic pathway, which…

Stable transfection is a technique used to introduce foreign DNA into the genome of a eukaryotic cell in order to achieve long-term, stable expression of a transgene. This technique is…

DHFR-deficient CHO cell lines are a type of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line that have been engineered to lack functional dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme. DHFR is an important enzyme…

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are a type of epithelial-like cells that are derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster. Epithelial cells are cells that line the surfaces and…